The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper

Mike's Notes

I discovered SQL Alchemy today. I copied these notes from different pages of that website to remind me.

Resources

References

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Last Updated

29/04/2025

The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper

By: Mike Peters
On a Sandy Beach: 29/04/2025

Mike is the inventor and architect of Pipi and the founder of Ajabbi.

"SQLAlchemy is the Python SQL toolkit and Object Relational Mapper that gives application developers the full power and flexibility of SQL.

It provides a full suite of well known enterprise-level persistence patterns, designed for efficient and high-performing database access, adapted into a simple and Pythonic domain language." - SQL Alchemy

Dialects

The dialect is the system SQLAlchemy uses to communicate with various types of DBAPI implementations and databases. The sections that follow contain reference documentation and notes specific to the usage of each backend, as well as notes for the various DBAPIs.

All dialects require that an appropriate DBAPI driver is installed.

Included Dialects

  • PostgreSQL
  • MySQL
  • SQLite
  • Oracle
  • Microsoft SQL Server

Included, but not currently supported dialects

The following dialects have implementations within SQLAlchemy, but they are not part of continuous integration testing nor are they actively developed. These dialects may be removed in future major releases.

  • Firebird
  • Sybase

External Dialects

Currently maintained external dialect projects for SQLAlchemy include:

Database Dialect
Amazon Redshift (via psycopg2) sqlalchemy-redshift
Apache Drill sqlalchemy-drill
Apache Druid pydruid
Apache Hive and Presto PyHive
Apache Solr sqlalchemy-solr
CockroachDB sqlalchemy-cockroachdb
CrateDB crate-python
EXASolution sqlalchemy_exasol
Elasticsearch (readonly) elasticsearch-dbapi
Firebird sqlalchemy-firebird
Google BigQuery pybigquery
Google Sheets gsheets
IBM DB2 and Informix ibm-db-sa
IBM Netezza Performance Server nzalchemy
Microsoft Access (via pyodbc) sqlalchemy-access
Microsoft SQL Server (via python-tds) sqlalchemy-tds
Microsoft SQL Server (via turbodbc) sqlalchemy-turbodbc
MonetDB sqlalchemy-monetdb
SAP Hana sqlalchemy-hana
SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere sqlalchemy-sqlany
Snowflake snowflake-sqlalchemy
Teradata Vantage teradatasqlalchemy

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