How can I loop over an XML structure using Coldfusion

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Note to me. This was listed in CFBreak from Foundeo.

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25/11/2025

How can I loop over an XML structure using Coldfusion

By: ColdFusionDude
Stackoverflow: 08/11/2025

ColdFusionDude

I'm trying to loop over an XML file and output the structure. However, I'm only getting one set of data on the second loop. Below is my code, and below that is a snippet of the XML structure.

<!--
Source - https://stackoverflow.com/q
Posted by ColdFusionDude, modified by community. See post 'Timeline' for change history
Retrieved 2025-11-08, License - CC BY-SA 4.0
-->

<cffile action="read" file="\\srv-cfdev\stcnet1\employee_management\users.xml" variable="xmlContent">
<cfset xmlDoc = XmlParse(xmlContent)>

<cfloop array="#xmlDoc.GroupUserData.Group#" index="Group">
    <ul>
     <cfoutput>
        <li>Group: #Group.XmlAttributes.GroupName#</li>
          <ul>
          <cfloop array="#xmlDoc.GroupUserData.Group.User#" index="Username">
          <li>Username: #UserName.XmlAttributes.Username#</li>
          </cfloop>
          </ul>
    </cfoutput>
     </ul>
</cfloop>

<!--
Source - https://stackoverflow.com/q
Posted by ColdFusionDude, modified by community. See post 'Timeline' for change history
Retrieved 2025-11-08, License - CC BY-SA 4.0
-->
<GroupUserData>
  <Group GroupName="cwadmin">
    <User UserName="badams" UserDescription="Brandon Adams" />
    <User UserName="cardwizuser" UserDescription="" />
    <User UserName="cwdatacard" UserDescription="" />
    <User UserName="cwuser" UserDescription="" />
    <User UserName="wizard" UserDescription="" />
  </Group>
  <Group GroupName="CWBRSUPPORT">
    <User UserName="akopp" UserDescription="Adam Kopp" />
    <User UserName="albert" UserDescription="Paula Albert" />
    <User UserName="iknotter" UserDescription="Isaac Knotter" />
    <User UserName="kknotts" UserDescription="Kelly Knotts" />
    <User UserName="spickett" UserDescription="Skye Pickett" />
  </Group>
  <Group GroupName="CWIT">
    <User UserName="" UserDescription="" />
  </Group>
  <Group GroupName="CWMGMT">
    <User UserName="aallison" UserDescription="Alexis Allison" />
    <User UserName="ababick" UserDescription="Amy Babick" />
    <User UserName="abarnett" UserDescription="Ashley Barnett" />
    <User UserName="abuchholz" UserDescription="Amelia Buchholz" />
    <User UserName="acuster" UserDescription="Amanda Custer" />
    <User UserName="adennis" UserDescription="April Dennis" />
    <User UserName="adickey" UserDescription="Adain Dickey" />
    <User UserName="afleegle" UserDescription="Austin Fleegle" />
    <User UserName="aflesik" UserDescription="Andrew Flesik" />
    <User UserName="agavin" UserDescription="Amanda Gavin" />
    <User UserName="ahenderson" UserDescription="Amy Henderson" />
    <User UserName="aklimchock" UserDescription="Adam Klimchock" />
    <User UserName="aknight" UserDescription="Adam Knight" />
    <User UserName="alowery" UserDescription="Allison Lowery" />
    <User UserName="amcvay" UserDescription="Amy McVay" />
    <User UserName="amyers" UserDescription="Amanda Myers" />
    <User UserName="anaugle" UserDescription="Amy Naugle" />
    <User UserName="apatel" UserDescription="Avani Patel" />
    <User UserName="apecoraro" UserDescription="Alethea Pecoraro" />
    <User UserName="asilbaugh" UserDescription="Alyssa Silbaugh" />
    <User UserName="astrauser" UserDescription="Abigail Strauser" />
    <User UserName="atannous" UserDescription="Aida Tannous" />
    <User UserName="aurban" UserDescription="Andy Urban" />
    <User UserName="awellings" UserDescription="Abigail Wellings" />
    <User UserName="awilson" UserDescription="Toni Wilson" />
    <User UserName="azapotosky" UserDescription="Alison Zapotosky" />
    <User UserName="bdaugherty" UserDescription="Brittany Daugherty" />
    <User UserName="bhenry" UserDescription="Bonnie Henry" />
    <User UserName="bhershberger" UserDescription="Branden Hershberger" />
    <User UserName="billy" UserDescription="Kathryn Billy" />
    <User UserName="bkeener" UserDescription="Breanna Keener" />
    <User UserName="bknecht" UserDescription="Bobbie Jo Knecht" />
    <User UserName="bmurphy" UserDescription="Brenda Murphy" />
    <User UserName="bnulton" UserDescription="Billi Nulton" />
    <User UserName="bparastar" UserDescription="Behnaz Parastar" />
    <User UserName="brehm" UserDescription="Ethny Brehm" />
    <User UserName="bschrock" UserDescription="Beth Schrock" />
    <User UserName="bsnyder" UserDescription="Blair Snyder" />
    <User UserName="bsnyder" UserDescription="Blair Snyder" />
    <User UserName="bweimer" UserDescription="Brandy Weimer" />
    <User UserName="bwertz" UserDescription="Brandy Wertz" />
    <User UserName="cbrumley" UserDescription="Christina Brumley" />
    <User UserName="cbryner" UserDescription="Cindy Bryner" />
    <User UserName="cchurch" UserDescription="Caitlin Church" />
    <User UserName="cdamico" UserDescription="Carson D'Amico" />
    <User UserName="cfike" UserDescription="Charlene Fike" />
    <User UserName="cgarlick" UserDescription="Cheryl Garlick" />
    <User UserName="chahn" UserDescription="Constance Hahn" />
    <User UserName="cjmyers" UserDescription="Candy Myers" />
    <User UserName="cjohns" UserDescription="Chad Johns" />
    <User UserName="cknaus" UserDescription="Cindy Knaus" />
    <User UserName="cmaruca" UserDescription="Caitlin Maruca" />
    <User UserName="cmcelhaney" UserDescription="Colleen McElhaney" />
    <User UserName="costlow" UserDescription="Nancy Costlow" />
    <User UserName="cparks" UserDescription="Christy Parks" />
    <User UserName="cphilip" UserDescription="Cheryl Philip" />
    <User UserName="cpulido" UserDescription="China Pulido" />
    <User UserName="craftis" UserDescription="Caroline Raftis" />
    <User UserName="cschrock" UserDescription="Cindy Schrock" />
    <User UserName="cwilt" UserDescription="Caitlin Wilt" />
    <User UserName="dalcorn" UserDescription="Danielle Alcorn" />
    <User UserName="dcost" UserDescription="Deborah Cost" />
    <User UserName="dcrump" UserDescription="Daniel Crump" />
    <User UserName="dfisher" UserDescription="Desiree Fisher" />
    <User UserName="dgarlitz" UserDescription="Dashanti Garlitz" />
    <User UserName="dkelly" UserDescription="Dixie Kelly" />
    <User UserName="dking" UserDescription="Donna King" />
    <User UserName="dremaley" UserDescription="David Remaley" />
    <User UserName="dringer" UserDescription="Donni Ringer" />
    <User UserName="dshanner" UserDescription="Deven Shanner" />
    <User UserName="dshirley" UserDescription="Doran Shirley" />
    <User UserName="dtate" UserDescription="Diana Tate" />
    <User UserName="dzamarelli" UserDescription="Deborah Zamarelli" />
    <User UserName="edeal" UserDescription="Emily Deal" />
    <User UserName="eglessner" UserDescription="Erin Glessner" />
    <User UserName="emishler" UserDescription="Emily Mishler" />
    <User UserName="epalmer" UserDescription="Elizabeth Palmer" />
    <User UserName="epeltier" UserDescription="Eleanor Peltier" />
    <User UserName="ewilson" UserDescription="Eboni Wilson" />
    <User UserName="fbecker" UserDescription="Faith Becker" />
    <User UserName="fbontrager" UserDescription="Faitha Bontrager" />
    <User UserName="flubovinsky" UserDescription="Faitha Lubovinsky" />
    <User UserName="fthomas" UserDescription="Faith Thomas" />
    <User UserName="fwozniak" UserDescription="Frank Wozniak" />
    <User UserName="ggrippo" UserDescription="Gina Grippo" />
    <User UserName="gzoeller" UserDescription="Gideon Zoeller" />
    <User UserName="harpster" UserDescription="Sharon Harpster" />
    <User UserName="hedmonson" UserDescription="Heather Edmonson" />
    <User UserName="hhaer" UserDescription="Teresa Haer" />
    <User UserName="hharding" UserDescription="Heather Harding" />
    <User UserName="hhudson" UserDescription="Haley Hudson" />
    <User UserName="hkohan" UserDescription="Hannah Kohan" />
    <User UserName="hsherbine" UserDescription="Heather Sherbine" />
    <User UserName="idemopoulos" UserDescription="Ioanna Demopoulos" />
    <User UserName="jalviar" UserDescription="Jeanie Liston-Alviar" />
    <User UserName="jbarber" UserDescription="Judith Barber" />
    <User UserName="jbehory" UserDescription="Jessica Behory" />
    <User UserName="jberger" UserDescription="Justin Berger" />
    <User UserName="jbillie" UserDescription="Jeanette Billy" />
    <User UserName="jbillie" UserDescription="Jeanette Billy" />
    <User UserName="jcuster" UserDescription="Jacob Custer" />
    <User UserName="jevans" UserDescription="John Evans" />
    <User UserName="jgross" UserDescription="Jennifer Gross" />
    <User UserName="jheeney" UserDescription="Jeanine Heeney" />
    <User UserName="jleahey" UserDescription="James Leahey" />
    <User UserName="jlucas" UserDescription="Jeremy Lucas" />
    <User UserName="jmarker" UserDescription="Jensen Marker" />
    <User UserName="jmock" UserDescription="Joann Mock" />
    <User UserName="jorr" UserDescription="Jennifer Orr" />
    <User UserName="jpetruska" UserDescription="Joshua Petruska" />
    <User UserName="jreynolds" UserDescription="Jenifer Reynolds" />
    <User UserName="jschmid" UserDescription="Jessica Schmid" />
    <User UserName="jschmid" UserDescription="Jessica Schmid" />
    <User UserName="jsmith" UserDescription="Jolene Smith" />
    <User UserName="jstewart" UserDescription="James Stewart" />
    <User UserName="jtwigg" UserDescription="Josay Twigg" />
    <User UserName="jwassil" UserDescription="Jacob Wassil" />
    <User UserName="jweaver" UserDescription="Jody Weaver" />
    <User UserName="jzembower" UserDescription="Jodie Zembower" />
    <User UserName="kadams" UserDescription="Kaitlyn Adams" />
    <User UserName="kallan" UserDescription="Katelyn Allan" />
    <User UserName="kanderson" UserDescription="Kimberly Anderson" />
    <User UserName="kbuchanan" UserDescription="Karley Buchanan" />
    <User UserName="kcostello" UserDescription="Kate Costello" />
    <User UserName="kcrocetti" UserDescription="Karen Crocetti" />
    <User UserName="kdehart" UserDescription="Kaitlyn DeHart" />
    <User UserName="kdehart" UserDescription="Kaitlyn DeHart" />
    <User UserName="keaster" UserDescription="Kerri Easter" />
    <User UserName="kerrett" UserDescription="Kaedan Errett" />
    <User UserName="kfullem" UserDescription="Kelley Fullem" />
    <User UserName="kfultz" UserDescription="Kathryn Fultz" />
    <User UserName="khayes" UserDescription="Karen Hayes" />
    <User UserName="khumphrey" UserDescription="Kaitlin Humphrey" />
    <User UserName="klaskoski" UserDescription="Kelsey Laskoski" />
    <User UserName="klazar" UserDescription="Karen Lazar" />
    <User UserName="kleone" UserDescription="Kaitlin Leone" />
    <User UserName="kmcclain" UserDescription="Kim McClain" />
    <User UserName="kmckenzie" UserDescription="Kyle McKenzie" />
    <User UserName="kmcquillis" UserDescription="Kathleen McQuillis" />
    <User UserName="kowade" UserDescription="Kimberly OWade" />
    <User UserName="krichards" UserDescription="Katie Richards" />
    <User UserName="krogers" UserDescription="Kennedi Rogers" />
    <User UserName="kstiffler" UserDescription="Kylie Stiffler" />
    <User UserName="kswink" UserDescription="Kayla Swink" />
    <User UserName="kswink" UserDescription="Kayla Swink" />
    <User UserName="ktomasic" UserDescription="Kristin Tomasic" />
    <User UserName="kvarljen" UserDescription="Katherine Varljen" />
    <User UserName="latuch" UserDescription="Susan Latuch" />
    <User UserName="lbriesmeister" UserDescription="Linda Briesmeister" />
    <User UserName="lehman" UserDescription="Carol Lehman" />
    <User UserName="lgeary" UserDescription="Lisa Geary" />
    <User UserName="lluckett" UserDescription="Lilly Luckett" />
    <User UserName="lmcnamara" UserDescription="Lynn McNamara" />
    <User UserName="lotto" UserDescription="Lisa Otto" />
    <User UserName="ltorruiso" UserDescription="Laurie Torruiso" />
    <User UserName="lwascak" UserDescription="Luke Wascak" />
    <User UserName="macy" UserDescription="Denise Macy" />
    <User UserName="mbaldwin" UserDescription="Melanie Baldwin" />
    <User UserName="mboyer" UserDescription="Melanie Boyer" />
    <User UserName="mdmiller" UserDescription="Michael Miller" />
    <User UserName="metheney" UserDescription="Sherry Metheney" />
    <User UserName="mfrankenberry" UserDescription="McKenna Frankenberry" />
    <User UserName="mgraham" UserDescription="Madison Graham" />
    <User UserName="mhare" UserDescription="Megan Hare" />
    <User UserName="mhixson" UserDescription="Mary Jo Hixson" />
    <User UserName="mkondrich" UserDescription="Marilyn Kondrich" />
    <User UserName="mkoontz" UserDescription="Madison Koontz" />
    <User UserName="mkopera" UserDescription="Melanie Kopera" />
    <User UserName="mlippert" UserDescription="Madison Lippert" />
    <User UserName="mlittle" UserDescription="Mary Ellen Little" />
    <User UserName="mmears" UserDescription="Megan Mears" />
    <User UserName="mmitchell" UserDescription="Mary Mitchell" />
    <User UserName="molinzock" UserDescription="Marla Olinzock" />
    <User UserName="mreisling" UserDescription="Morgan Reisling" />
    <User UserName="mritchey" UserDescription="Mindy Ritchey" />
    <User UserName="mrodgers" UserDescription="Maura Rodgers" />
    <User UserName="msheeder" UserDescription="Maddie Sheeder" />
    <User UserName="mspiker" UserDescription="Mary Ann Spiker" />
    <User UserName="myuko" UserDescription="Markus Yuko" />
    <User UserName="nhornfeck" UserDescription="Natalie Hornfeck" />
    <User UserName="nicklow" UserDescription="Rebecca Nicklow" />
    <User UserName="nmunson" UserDescription="Nico Munson" />
    <User UserName="odiehl" UserDescription="Olivia Diehl" />
    <User UserName="ofabian" UserDescription="Olivia Fabian" />
    <User UserName="omoore" UserDescription="Owen Moore" />
    <User UserName="pminnick" UserDescription="Pamela Minnick" />
    <User UserName="pmoore" UserDescription="Pamela Moore" />
    <User UserName="psipe" UserDescription="Paula Sipe" />
    <User UserName="qpham" UserDescription="Christine Pham" />
    <User UserName="rbutina" UserDescription="Rose Butina" />
    <User UserName="rfike" UserDescription="Rebecca Fike" />
    <User UserName="rfrankenberry" UserDescription="Riley Frankenberry" />
    <User UserName="rgoins" UserDescription="Roxanne Goins" />
    <User UserName="rola" UserDescription="Richard Ola" />
    <User UserName="rthomas" UserDescription="Robby Thomas" />
    <User UserName="satchison" UserDescription="Savannah Atchison" />
    <User UserName="sbritt" UserDescription="Sean Britt" />
    <User UserName="schero" UserDescription="Samantha Chero" />
    <User UserName="schmucker" UserDescription="Kamala Schmucker" />
    <User UserName="sfolton" UserDescription="Sean Folton" />
    <User UserName="sgrote" UserDescription="Sherry Grote" />
    <User UserName="shawkins" UserDescription="Shelby Hawkins" />
    <User UserName="shess" UserDescription="Sherry Hess" />
    <User UserName="shillen" UserDescription="Sara Hillen" />
    <User UserName="showe" UserDescription="Samantha Howe" />
    <User UserName="sleasure" UserDescription="Sasha Leasure" />
    <User UserName="smeyers" UserDescription="Seth Meyers" />
    <User UserName="smorris" UserDescription="Sarah Morris" />
    <User UserName="smundorf" UserDescription="Sharon Mundorf" />
    <User UserName="spickett" UserDescription="Skye Pickett" />
    <User UserName="sscarpelli" UserDescription="Sarah Scarpelli" />
    <User UserName="ssensabaugh" UserDescription="Shynia Sensabaugh" />
    <User UserName="sshivler" UserDescription="Seth Shivler" />
    <User UserName="stasker" UserDescription="Shelby Tasker" />
    <User UserName="svivis" UserDescription="Stephen Vivis" />
    <User UserName="swomack" UserDescription="Skylar Womack" />
    <User UserName="tappleby" UserDescription="Teri Appleby" />
    <User UserName="tbalogh" UserDescription="Teresa Balogh" />
    <User UserName="tbouch" UserDescription="Tawni Bouch" />
    <User UserName="tbutala" UserDescription="Timothy Butala" />
    <User UserName="teshaulis" UserDescription="Tanner Shaulis" />
    <User UserName="thaer" UserDescription="Teresa Haer" />
    <User UserName="thubbard" UserDescription="Terry Hubbard" />
    <User UserName="tmarker" UserDescription="Tammy Marker" />
    <User UserName="tmartin" UserDescription="Tremoi Martin" />
    <User UserName="tmasterson" UserDescription="Trent Masterson" />
    <User UserName="tmcintosh" UserDescription="Trish McIntosh" />
    <User UserName="tmorris" UserDescription="Tonya Morris" />
    <User UserName="triehl" UserDescription="Tyler Riehl" />
    <User UserName="trodman" UserDescription="Tyler Rodman" />
    <User UserName="tshaulis" UserDescription="Tanner Shaulis" />
    <User UserName="tspruell" UserDescription="Tabitha Spruell" />
    <User UserName="tstairs" UserDescription="Tina Stairs" />
    <User UserName="vguynn" UserDescription="Victoria Guynn" />
    <User UserName="vmankey" UserDescription="Vanessa Mankey" />
    <User UserName="vmatieszyn" UserDescription="Vicki Matieszyn" />
    <User UserName="waldron" UserDescription="Carrie Waldron" />
    <User UserName="whixen" UserDescription="Wendy Hixen" />
    <User UserName="wright" UserDescription="Barbara Wright" />
    <User UserName="wshaulis" UserDescription="William Shaulis" />
    <User UserName="zhenry" UserDescription="Zachary Henry" />
  </Group>
  <Group GroupName="CWUSERS">
    <User UserName="abarr" UserDescription="Ava Barr" />
    <User UserName="abuchholz" UserDescription="Amelia Buchholz" />
    <User UserName="agrimes" UserDescription="Ashlee Grimes" />
    <User UserName="bburkhart" UserDescription="Brionna Burkhart" />
    <User UserName="bburt" UserDescription="Brionna Burt" />
    <User UserName="bknecht" UserDescription="Bobbie Jo Knecht" />
    <User UserName="bussard" UserDescription="Wanda Bussard" />
    <User UserName="bwertz" UserDescription="Brandy Wertz" />
    <User UserName="costlow" UserDescription="Nancy Costlow" />
    <User UserName="cstutzman" UserDescription="Corinne Stutzman" />
    <User UserName="dgunby" UserDescription="Dasia Gunby" />
    <User UserName="emowery" UserDescription="Emma Mowery" />
    <User UserName="garrety" UserDescription="Michael Garrety" />
    <User UserName="gzoeller" UserDescription="Gideon Zoeller" />
    <User UserName="hmiller" UserDescription="Heather Miller" />
    <User UserName="jmarker" UserDescription="Jensen Marker" />
    <User UserName="jromesburg" UserDescription="Jonna Romesburg" />
    <User UserName="kmiller" UserDescription="Kurt Miller" />
    <User UserName="kmiller" UserDescription="Kurt Miller" />
    <User UserName="leaburkett" UserDescription="Lea Burkett" />
    <User UserName="lsmith" UserDescription="Leanne Smith" />
    <User UserName="mmccusker" UserDescription="Melissa McCusker" />
    <User UserName="nmallison" UserDescription="Noah Allison" />
    <User UserName="rmerridith" UserDescription="Robert Merridith" />
    <User UserName="showman" UserDescription="Kimberly Showman" />
    <User UserName="spickett" UserDescription="Skye Pickett" />
    <User UserName="swomack" UserDescription="Skylar Womack" />
    <User UserName="tray" UserDescription="Todd Ray" />
    <User UserName="trodman" UserDescription="Tyler Rodman" />
    <User UserName="wshaulis" UserDescription="William Shaulis" />
  </Group>
  <Group GroupName="global">
    <User UserName="cwdatacard" UserDescription="" />
    <User UserName="wizard" UserDescription="" />
  </Group>
  <Group GroupName="OSI Group">
    <User UserName="cardwizuser" UserDescription="" />
    <User UserName="cwuser" UserDescription="" />
  </Group>
  <Group GroupName="Test Group">
    <User UserName="Justin Herman" UserDescription="Testing" />
  </Group>
  <Group GroupName="UserAdmin">
    <User UserName="gilbert" UserDescription="Michelle Gilbert" />
    <User UserName="kblack" UserDescription="Kristi Black" />
    <User UserName="lichty" UserDescription="Cathy Lichty" />
  </Group>
</GroupUserData>

The loop is outputting the first section of Users for every iteration of the Group loop. What am I doing wrong?


mykaf

It seems your inner loop isn't utilizing what it knows from the outer loop, namely the #group# variable. So it's as if the inner loop is starting over each time. Try using that #group# variable in the inner loop, like this:

<cfloop array="#group.xmlchildren#" index="child">
     <li>#child.xmlAttributes.username#</li>
</cfloop>

Jack Poe

It's not super elegant but this will get you a loop over the outer and inner elements of the XML

<!--
Source - https://stackoverflow.com/a
Posted by Jack Poe
Retrieved 2025-11-08, License - CC BY-SA 4.0
-->

<cfif fileExists('#expandpath('.')#\users.xml')>
    
        <!--- read and parse the XML --->
        <cffile action="READ" variable="xmlText" file="#expandpath('.')#\users.xml">
        <cfset xmlDoc = XMLParse(xmlText)>
        <!--- set a variable for the top level of the data --->
        <cfset aAccount = xmlDoc.GroupUserData>
        
        <cfoutput>
                
            <!--- loop over the outer element - the groups --->
            <cfloop index="x" from="1" to="#arraylen(aAccount.Group)#">

                <h1>#aAccount.Group[x].XMLAttributes.groupname#</h1>

                    <!--- loop over the inner elements - users --->
                    <cfloop index="i" from="1" to="#arrayLen(aAccount.Group[x].User)#">

                        #aAccount.Group[x].User[i].XMLAttributes.UserDescription# 
                        &bull;
                        #aAccount.Group[x].User[i].XMLAttributes.UserName#<br>

                    </cfloop>

            </cfloop>
                
        </cfoutput>
                
    </cfif>

Agents in Production on replay

Mike's Notes

The videos of the talks given at the recent Agents in Production are now available to watch. The talks are technically excellent. I watched some of it (It started at 3 am NZ Time), so I will watch the rest from now.

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Last Updated

24/11/2025

Agents in Production on replay

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  • Hilarious skits & live music – Because learning should be fun.
  • High-energy engagement – Interactive moments that make you part of the action.

If You Miss This, You’ll Miss:

  • Hard-won lessons – How leading companies are successfully deploying agents at scale.
  • Deep dives – Technical sessions and workshops from the voices shaping the next generation of AI.
  • Global connections – Network with innovators and practitioners across the ML community.
  • This is your chance to get up to speed on the global AI scene, connect with innovators, and experience a virtual event you’ll actually enjoy.

See you there! 

Speakers

  • Chip Huyen, Researcher @ Tep Studio
  • Aditya Gautam, Machine Learning Technical Lead @ Meta
  • Teodora Musatoiu, Solutions Architect @ OpenAI
  • Adel El Hallak, Senior Director Of Product @ NVIDIA
  • Panos Stravopodis, Co-Founder & CTO @ Elyos
  • Jiquan Ngiam, CEO and Co-Founder @ MintMCP
  • Chenyu Zhang, Founder @ GlowingStar Inc.
  • Rekha Singhal, Head Research @ Tata Consultancy Services
  • Santoshkalyan Rayadhurgam, Engineering Leader @ Meta
  • Swati Bhatia, Product Manager @ Google
  • Arushi Jain, Senior Applied Scientist @ Microsoft
  • Donné Stevenson, Machine Learning Engineer @ Prosus Group
  • Mefta Sadat, Staff Software Engineer @ Loblaw Digital
  • Sam Partee, Co-Founder @ Arcade.dev
  • Sachi Shah, Product Manager @ Sierra
  • Jasleen Singh, Staff Solutions Architect, Generative AI @ Google
  • Sanjana Sharma, AI Strategist @ Distyl AI
  • Artem Yushkovskiy, Sr ML Engineer @ Delivery Hero SE
  • Rosemary Nwosu-Ihueze, Founder @ Soteria
  • Euro Beinat, Global Head AI and Data Science @ Prosus Group
  • Washington Amolo, Product Developer @ NaviSmart AI
  • Benjamin Guo, Co Founder @ Zo Computer
  • Hamed Taheri, CEO & Founder @ Personize.ai
  • Phil Stafford, Principal Consultant, Cybersecurity & AI @ Singularity Systems
  • Quinten Rosseel, AI Engineer @ Wobby
  • Dirk Petzoldt, Co-Founder @ Explai.com
  • Tom Kaltofen, Engineer @ mloda
  • Rachitt Shah, Applied AI consultant @ Transfrm Labs
  • Vitor Balocco, Co-founder @ Runlayer
  • Frank Wittkampf, VP Applied AI @ Databook
  • Laurel Orr, AI Staff Software Engineer @ Stacklok
  • Benjamin Hindman, Founder & CEO @ Reboot
  • Ben Epstein, Co-Founder & CTO @ GrottoAI
  • Matt Sharp, AI Strategist and Principle Engineer @ Flexion
  • Audi Liu, Senior Product Manager @ Inworld AI
  • Olga Pavlov, Head of Product @ OLX Group
  • Isabella Piratininga, Director of Technology & Innovation @ iFood
  • Paul van der Boor, Senior Director Data Science @ Prosus Group
  • Demetrios Brinkmann, Chief Happiness Engineer @ MLOps Community
  • Ricky Doar, VP of Solutions @ Cursor
  • Nishikant Dhanuka, Senior Director of AI @ Prosus Group
  • Chiara Caratelli, Data Scientist @ Prosus Group
  • Simba Khadder, Sr. Manager & Software Engineer @ Redis

Workspaces for Nature Conservation

Mike's Notes

This is where I will keep detailed working notes on creating Workspaces for Nature Conservation. Eventually, these will become permanent, better-written documentation stored elsewhere. Hopefully, someone will come up with a better name than this working title.

This replaces coverage in Industry Workspace written on 13/10/2025.

Testing

The current online mockup is version 3 and will be updated frequently. If you are helping with testing, please remember to delete your browser cache so you see the daily changes. Eventually, a live demo version will be available for field trials.

Learning

Pipi first originated in 1997 as a way to support community-driven ecological restoration in NZ. Versions 1-4 were created by a team that I led at NZERN (New Zealand Ecological Restoration Network) and were very popular. It included ESRI GIS online mapping as part of ESRI GIS for Conservation. It was turning into a "NetSuite for Conservation". A very early form of cloud computing.

However, a change of government and the Christchurch earthquakes destroyed a good system. From 2017, I rebuilt Pipi from memory as version 6, without the ecological restoration modules, as a generic platform. Now, years later, nature conservation is returning to Pipi, but in a much better way.

Why

I have many friends who have dedicated their lives to saving species from extinction, so anything that makes their jobs easier must be a good thing.

Resources

References


References

  • Reference

Repository

  • Home > Ajabbi Research > Library >
  • Home > Handbook > 

Last Updated

25/11/2025

Workspaces for Nature Conservation

By: Mike Peters
On a Sandy Beach: 24/11/2025

Mike is the inventor and architect of Pipi and the founder of Ajabbi.

Open-source

This open-source SaaS cloud system will be shared on GitHub and GitLab.

Dedication

This workspace is dedicated to the life and work of Don Merton and his Wildlife Service Team, who saved the Chatham Island Black Robin from extinction.

Richard Henry kākāpō held by Merton, Codfish Island / Whenua Hou, November 2010. 

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Merton#/media/File:DonMerton_and_RichardHenry_Kakapo.jpg

Change Log

Ver 3 includes facility, nature, people, tools.

Existing products

This is a basic comparison of features found in nature conservation software.

[TABLE]

Data Model

words

Database Entities

  • Facility
  • Party
  • etc

Systems

Standards

The workspace needs to comply with all international standards.

  • (To come)

Workspace navigation menu

This default outline needs a lot of work. The outline can be easily customised by future users using drag-and-drop and tick boxes to turn features off and on.

  • Enterprise Account
    • Applications
      • Nature Conservation (v.3)
        • Facility
          • Plant Nursery
            • Seed
            • Propagation
            • Growing
          • Shop
          • Zoo
            • Animal Health
            • Captive Breeding
        • Nature
          • Ecosystem
            • Climate
            • Landform
            • Soil
            • Taxonomy
        • People
          • Workers
          • Visitors
        • Tools
          • Agrichemical
          • Monitoring
          • Planting
          • Protection
          • Release
          • Spatial
          • Trapping
      • Customer (v2)
        • Bookmarks
          • (To come)
        • Support
          • Contact
          • Forum
          • Live Chat
          • Office Hours
          • Requests
          • Tickets
        • (To come)
          • Feature Vote
          • Feedback
          • Surveys
        • Learning
          • Explanation
          • How to Guide
          • Reference
          • Tutorial
        • Settings (v3)
          • Account
          • Billing
          • Deployments
            • Workspaces
              • Modules
              • Plugins
              • Templates
                • Eco-restoration
                • Park
                • Zoo
              • Users

      Lawrence Krauss: The War on Science — How Ideology Is Undermining Academia and Research

      Mike's Notes

      Interesting interview with Astrophysicist Lawrence Krauss, editor of The War on Science — How Ideology Is Undermining Academia and Research.

      I support free speech and academic freedom. These are necessary for science to be successful. The benefits of the modern world depend on science.

      Resources

      References

      • The War on Science — How Ideology Is Undermining Academia and Research by Lawrence Krauss.

      Repository

      • Home > Ajabbi Research > Library > Subscriptions > Quillette
      • Home > Handbook > 

      Last Updated

      23/11/2025

      Lawrence Krauss: The War on Science — How Ideology Is Undermining Academia and Research

      By: Jon Kay
      Quillette on YouTube: 03/11/2025

      "Over on YouTube, Lawrence Krauss talks with Jon Kay about the war on science inside the United States—from both the left and the right—and how attacks on the hard sciences are damaging to American national security." - Quilette

      Video Interview 39:25m


      The Book

      The Free Speech Union > Statement of Values

      The Free Speech Union stands for freedom of speech, of conscience, and of intellectual inquiry, which we regard as the essential pillars of a free society — the foundational freedoms on which all others depend. We believe that human beings cannot flourish outside a free society, which means they cannot flourish in the absence of free speech. Free speech is how knowledge is developed and shared, as well as our views about morality, religion, and politics. Robust debate – appealing to reason, evidence, and our shared values – is also the best way to resolve disagreements about issues big and small without descending to violence or intimidation. And free speech is the most effective bulwark against abuses of power by politicians, with history demonstrating that its denial is both the aim of tyrants, because it stops people from criticizing them, and an ominous precursor to the removal of other freedoms.

      We believe that free speech is currently under assault across the Anglosphere, particularly in those areas where it matters most, such as schools, universities, the arts, the entertainment industry, and the media. The aim of the Free Speech Union is to restore it and protect it.

      We take no position on the validity of others’ opinions, political or otherwise, whether expressed in speech, writing, performance, or in another form. However, we condemn all incitements to violence.

      We expect our members not to restrict others’ freedom of speech, and we hope that when engaging in discussions and disagreements, they keep faith with the spirit of the Enlightenment and use reason and evidence to prosecute their case, rather than engaging in ad hominem or seeking to silence opponents through harassment or intimidation. While we discourage offensive or personal attacks, particularly if based on a person’s membership of a particular group, we would not generally exclude people from joining the Free Speech Union or try to kick out existing members for engaging in uncivil behaviour (although we reserve the right to do so). The Free Speech Union believes that if society doesn’t uphold the right to express controversial, eccentric, heretical, provocative, or unwelcome opinions, then it doesn’t uphold free speech.

      As George Orwell said, “If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people things they do not want to hear.”

      Language Models: A 75-Year Journey That Didn’t Start With Transformers

      Mike's Notes

      A fascinating history of LLM by Vincent Granville.

      Resources

      References

      • Reference

      Repository

      • Home > Ajabbi Research > Library > Subscriptions > MLtechniques AI Newsletter
      • Home > Ajabbi Research > Library > Authors > Vincent Granville
      • Home > Handbook > 

      Last Updated

      22/11/2025

      Language Models: A 75-Year Journey That Didn’t Start With Transformers

      By: Vincent Granville 
      MLtechniques AI Newsletter: 04/11/2025

      Vincent Granville is a pioneering data scientist, world-class machine learning and GenAI leader, co-founder of Data Science Central (acquired by TechTarget in 2020), founder of MLtechniques.com and GenAItechLab.com, former VC-funded executive, author and patent owner. Vincent’s past corporate experience includes Visa, Wells Fargo, eBay, NBC, Microsoft, and CNET. Vincent is also a former post-doc at Cambridge University, and the National Institute of Statistical Sciences (NISS).  

      Vincent published in Journal of Number Theory, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series B), and IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. He authored multiple books, including “Synthetic Data and Generative AI” (Elsevier), available here. He lives in Washington state, and enjoys doing research on spatial stochastic processes, chaotic dynamical systems, experimental math and probabilistic number theory.

      Introduction

      Language models have existed for decades — long before today’s so-called “LLMs.” In the 1990s, IBM’s alignment models and smoothed n-gram systems trained on hundreds of millions of words set performance records. By the 2000s, the internet’s growth enabled “web as corpus” datasets, pushing statistical models to dominate natural language processing (NLP).

      Yet, many believe language modelling began in 2017 with Google’s Transformer architecture and BERT. In reality, Transformers revolutionized scalability but were just one step in a much longer evolution.

      I discuss the evolution of the technology starting decades ago, the recent rise of transformers, and how a new enterprise model is emerging, doing better without transformers, laborious training, hallucinations, or prompt engineering, while offering a higher level of security and explainability. Moving away from cost by token to cost by usage.

      Why Business Leaders Should Care

      • Language Models are a concept, not a single technology. They’ve been evolving for decades, and knowing their history helps executives:
      • Avoid overhyping “new” breakthroughs that are just rebrands.
      • Choose architectures fit for purpose not just the trendiest option.
      • Future-proof AI investments by recognizing that today’s architecture may not define tomorrow’s winners.

      A Timeline of Innovation

      1950–1970s: Rule-Based Pioneers

      • 1950: Alan Turing’s Imitation Game poses “Can machines think?”
      • 1966: ELIZA mimics a psychotherapist using pattern matching.
      • 1972: PARRY simulates a paranoid patient via scripted rules.

      Takeaway: Early models automated simple, predictable interactions — much like early IVR systems.

      1980s–1990s: Statistical Revolution

      • IBM’s n-gram models predict the next word using probability.
      • By the 1990s, statistical approaches outperformed hand-coded rules.
      Takeaway: The first true data-driven AI wave — proving data quality could beat handcrafted logic.

      2000s: Neural Networks Arrive

      • 1997: LSTMs enable memory of longer text sequences.
      • 2001–2003: Bengio’s Neural LM uses embeddings for word relationships.
      • 2013: Google’s word2vec makes semantic word embeddings accessible.

      Takeaway: Neural networks learned to represent meaning numerically and model long sequences, keeping the goal of next-word prediction.

      2014–2016: Sequence Learning & Attention

      • 2014: Seq2Seq enables sentence-to-sentence translation.
      • 2015: Attention mechanisms focus on key words in context.
      • 2016: Google Translate upgrades to LSTM-based seq2seq with attention — before Transformers existed.

      Takeaway: AI could now handle complex, context-rich tasks at internet scale making the way for “co-pilot” assistants that we know today.

      2017–2020: Transformer Era

      • 2017: Transformer architecture enables massive scalability.
      • 2018: BERT revolutionizes language understanding.
      • 2018–2020: OpenAI’s GPT series push generative capabilities.
      • 2022: ChatGPT brings conversational AI mainstream.

      Takeaway: Transformers didn’t just improve performance, they also democratized access to human-quality text generation.

      2023–2025: GPU Arms Race & Multimodal Models

      • Models like Claude, Gemini, o1, and DeepSeek R1 handle text, images, and reasoning.
      • Transformer-based architectures grow to massive sizes, requiring huge GPU clusters, energy, and cost.

      Takeaway: “Bigger is better” delivers capabilities but creates adoption barriers — including hallucinations, security risks, data privacy concerns, and high costs.

      xLLM: The Next Generation for Enterprises

      2025: xLLM launches as a purpose-built enterprise architecture delivering trustworthy AI, Accuracy, Security, and Explainability — without massive GPU dependencies.

      Core components:

      1. Smart Engine – Orchestrates AI logic, optimizes performance, and adapts to domain context, regardless of input (Web, corporate databases, or PDF repositories).
      2. Concise Tooling System – Streamlined tools for integration, fine-tuning, and operations. With proprietary agents for instance to perform predictions on retrieved tables.
      3. Response Generator – Produces reliable, context-aware outputs with minimal hallucinations, with precise references to the corpus for each statement in the response.

      Impact: Enables organizations to build, own, and scale secure models with full compliance and IP control — forming the foundation of the first Enterprise AI Operating System.

      Takeaway: xLLM shifts AI from a black box API to Enterprises to a strategic in-house capability, aligning AI adoption with business priorities, governance, and ROI.

      Conclusion

      Language models didn’t begin with Transformers — they’re the product of 75 years of innovation. From rule-based scripts to statistical models, neural networks, and now xLLM, each era brought breakthroughs shaped by technology and business needs. The winners in AI won’t just chase scale, they’ll select architectures that balance trustworthy AI, explainability, security, compliance, and cost while staying adaptable to the next wave of change. To learn more, I invite you attend my upcoming webinar entitled “Lead Smarter: Stay Ahead of AI Risks”, here.

      Acknowledgement

      I would like to thank Danilo Nato, CEO at BondingAI.io, who contributed to this article.